Tuesday, May 12, 2020
The Power of An Op Ed Essay Topic
The Power of An Op Ed Essay TopicAn op ed essay topic that is extremely persuasive and impresses upon readers that the writer has knowledge and experience in a given field is one that offers evidence. This kind of writing will not only help make you stand out from other writers but will also convince readers to take action based on what they read.How many times have you been confronted with an ad nauseam ad with information on how great a product or service is for getting rid of that little worry or how awesome it will be to buy the product from your store? The old saying of 'If it sounds too good to be true, it probably is' applies here. You can be sure that your readers are going to be expecting proof and not just blurting out something along the lines of 'Is this thing on sale?!' The right writer can use ad nauseum to keep readers interested by giving them great information and sales-pitch using an op ed essay topic.Just because an ad nauseum is making a pitch doesn't mean that yo ur readers are going to be taking action. It would be unwise to try and sell people on something that doesn't exist. One of the best ways to catch their attention is to give them a strong reason to take action. No matter how much money you are trying to sell them, the number one rule of writing is to not tell them what to do but what to expect. An eye-catching headline is the best way to start a sales pitch and this is exactly what makes the ad nauseum so appealing to the readers.Writing is an art and if you master the art of enticing your readers to take action then the profits will flow into your pocket. An excellent example of using ads to grab the attention of your readers is when a special offer or promotional offer is announced. All that a writer needs to do is start working on a sales-pitch and fill in the blanks of a headline and the following paragraph that will capture the attention of the reader.Another way of drawing readers in is to offer a free report with all fees pai d upfront. This allows the writer to keep them coming back for more as the ads will continue to appear as soon as they sign up for the course. Use the ads to promote not only your own products and services but those of others and have your links embedded in the ads to get even more people to sign up.An ad like this will not only draw in the attention of the reader but will have them want to take the step to learn more. This creates a buzz around your business and will be the perfect advertisement to get even more subscribers. You will want to leave an enticing benefit and reward for the reader to consider signing up to your list. The reader will eventually become convinced to sign up because of the enticing benefits they feel are offered for joining.The writer can also use ad space on their website to advertise their products and services as well as those of others. The traffic will go directly to your website and you can start a discussion that can result in a sale. Not only does t his promote your website but it also gives you the opportunity to get good page rank and will be able to rank well in the search engines.Writing is not just about what's being said. To succeed in the field of writing, you must be able to inspire readers to action. Whether you are writing for a newspaper, magazine, or blog, an op ed essay topic is just one way to encourage readers to take the steps necessary to take action.
Sunday, May 10, 2020
Just How Can We Write an Essay on the Tell Tale Heart?
<h1>Just How Can We Write an Essay on the Tell Tale Heart?</h1><p>We are constantly informed that we have to compose an exposition on the obvious heart so as to have the option to ace our coursework and furthermore be qualified for our four year college education. In any case, what do we truly need to learn and how does that identify with the one specific subject that individuals need to find out about in their courses. Maybe we have to extend our creative mind and consider to the whole system of life. The fact of the matter is that once you begin to comprehend and welcome the aggregate of life, at that point you are in a superior situation to communicate your considerations on the subject.</p><p></p><p>No question, the whole exposition that you would be required to compose on the obvious heart is a troublesome activity. Indeed, even actually, in reality there are such a large number of individuals who never truly prevail with regards to achi eving anything. There are such a large number of individuals who invest a lot of their energy searching for the correct vocation so as to have the option to accomplish their goals.</p><p></p><p>Now, what's the simplest conceivable way that you can get what you need, accomplish your objectives and furthermore have the option to accomplish them in a progressively plausible way? Indeed, there are not many and basic things that will be your guide. The absolute first thing that you should remember is that you should set goals.</p><p></p><p>All that issues in life is that you have a fantasy work. You can never get far throughout everyday life on the off chance that you simply have work, however you will achieve nothing. You should have dreams to turn into a specialist or a legal advisor, a bookkeeper or a business visionary. Every one of these sorts of employments that are extremely testing and that requires a ton of hard work.</p>< p></p><p>The things that you should learn is simply the craft of beginning in an occupation. You have to comprehend that each activity is never going to be simple. You have to have a smart thought of what you will do and afterward you can really begin working. When you comprehend the activity, you will really start to have a superior and an increasingly characterized thought of what the most ideal path is to start a job.</p><p></p><p>What we are continually advised is that we have to begin by being taught and furthermore we have to begin by having a fantasy work. All things considered, this is fine and even the best colleges give chances to the individuals who have an enthusiasm for the subject. Notwithstanding, this is probably the best bit of leeway that you have when you start to take classes in these subjects. It's the sort of thing that is extremely simple to do when you really commit some an opportunity to doing so.</p><p>< /p><p>For a considerable lot of us, it's extremely simple to plunk down and plunk down and get everything straight in our psyches. Notwithstanding, we don't have a clue what the full image of life really is. That is actually why you have to find out about it with the goal that you would then be able to communicate that to the individuals who will take your thoughts and those of your class.</p>
Essay Writing - Preparing for Timed Essay Exams
<h1>Essay Writing - Preparing for Timed Essay Exams</h1><p>In fifth grade, paper tests are the best way to check an understudy's exposition composing abilities. Each and every other test is additionally a genuine assessment and takes a sharp eye to catch and answer all the inquiries. Test author programming has a clock that bodes well, particularly in this period of comfort and multitasking.</p><p></p><p>One of the most ideal approaches to ace exposition composing is through reiteration and practice, as it is polished in fifth grade. It is an age when understudies are as yet figuring out how to control their dispositions and become trained, so composing short articles that ought to be inspected in detail can be all the more a test. Being caught off guard for a coordinated article test can demonstrate an understudy to be sluggish or come up short on the capacity to deal with a predictable schedule.</p><p></p><p>To have the option to get ready for paper tests like these, understudies ought to put time into composing exposition drafts. By perusing tests for a smidgen of time, they can get a thought of what's in store and what might make them agreeable. This ought to be the objective from the beginning, to get to know the test of composing a decent article and one that would intrigue the reader.</p><p></p><p>Most test journalists will in general use paper tests from fifth grade in view of its recognition and consistency. Understudies' psyches will in general move along at a more slow pace than five years of age youngsters do, so utilizing a coordinated paper test would make things simpler for them. The fifth graders would not need to take a pace examination before composing the paper, and can concentrate on the substance and don't need to stress over the planning. This would likewise assist them with thinking of thoughts that are not in the curriculum.</p><p></p ><p>One thing that is basic to note is that exposition composing ought to be adaptable and ought to take into consideration a person to investigate new subjects, subjects that are not shrouded in the educational plan. Time imperatives don't impede inventiveness and self-coordinated investigation; rather, they are really a decent chance to build up a more extensive skyline. Utilizing planned exposition tests that were composed twenty years prior will drive understudies to think back and consider how society has changed since then.</p><p></p><p>The understudy's words ought not be directed by the clock; they ought to mirror the inventiveness of the author. Regardless of whether it is a fifth grader in first grade, or a college alum who has been working in a corporate office, composing a decent paper expects time to compose; don't be modest to reconsider old topics, particularly if the topic is new and energizing. For instance, numerous understudies may not be acquainted with Gandhi yet at the same time love to peruse his compositions, which are centered around administration and qualities. Returning to Gandhi's self-portrayal, Gandhi on Politics may start understudies' advantage and sparkle another thankfulness for the man.</p><p></p><p>In the main exposition that understudies compose for coordinated tests, the composing style ought to be the same as what they have realized in grade school, just consolidated down to five minutes or less. It ought to be made in an unmistakable and succinct way, with a decent structure. It ought not be excessively scholastic, yet should introduce a general idea. However much as could reasonably be expected, the paper ought to be instructive and entertaining.</p><p></p><p>Doing this will set up the understudy for the following exposition that will be examined by the leading body of training, and permit the understudy to build their odds of being recruit ed. The exposition tests would show that the understudy has required the push to learn and do some exploration, which has then permitted the understudy to compose a decent article that would dazzle the teacher. It would likewise show that the understudy has worked on writing in a time allotment that would put them on top of things and be prepared for anything.</p>
Friday, May 8, 2020
How to Write a Stereotype Essay
How to Write a Stereotype EssayIf you are thinking about writing a stereotype essay, you will find that it is not as easy as you might think. You might think that the stereotypical essay is really nothing more than ranting and raving about the subject, but you'd be wrong. In fact, you have to know the person in order to write a good one. Here are some tips to help you create a good stereotype essay.Get to know the topic. The main thing you need to know is what your subject is before you even start writing the essay. This is because you are dealing with a group of people who fall into one of many different categories. If you're writing a stereotype essay about race, for example, then you need to know the difference between Asian, Hispanic, African-American, etc. When you get a feel for the topic, you'll find that the process of writing is much easier.Learn how to write a stereotype. You'll also want to understand how the stereotype is defined so that you know what type of argument you will be making. You need to know what the characteristics of that particular group are, which is where knowing the stereotypes comes in.Create and arrange your facts and proof. You need to do a little research on your own to begin with, and then use this information to prove that you know the facts about the group and their behaviors. You need to be able to show that your points are true.Make sure that you are not biased. Try to keep the focus on the stereotyped group rather than on yourself or your own group. By making a stereotype essay on your own, you can ensure that you are not inadvertently making the argument about yourself or your group and showing bias.Avoid arguing from a personal point of view. Try to avoid using your own opinions about the group, as this could easily reflect bias. If you are writing a stereotype essay about Mexicans, try to look at a variety of different viewpoints and opinions before making any kind of judgment on the group's value. You may find that t his will help you write a better essay overall.Use examples. While you can't research every group in the world, you can use examples to show how stereotyping can happen. This is especially true when you are writing a stereotype essay on an ethnic group. Instead of talking about the group as a whole, it is helpful to break it down into smaller groups that may work better for you and your essay.In the end, you need to remember that everyone has their own opinion about an issue. Even when writing a stereotype essay, you have to remember that there is no right or wrong answer. You just need to find the facts and proof that you need to show that the opinions you are sharing are accurate.
Tips For Writing the Best Fit Supplement Essay
Tips For Writing the Best Fit Supplement EssayIf you are one of the millions of students who have to write a college fit supplement essay, you probably know that you are at the mercy of the very most knowledgeable and experienced academic advisors. With the common custom of handing in your fit supplement essay through a study guide, it would be advisable for you to be patient in the preparation phase. With some tips and tricks you can prepare an effective fit supplement essay.First, write the essay in a very logical way so that it will not resemble a list of useless facts or an essay with a single paragraph. You may be writing a fit supplement for your English course or even if you are just embarking on college degree and getting your bachelor's degree. A logical structure would make your task much easier, so be sure to keep this in mind.Second, you should think of at least four ideas before writing the fit supplement. In your fit supplement essay, it would be better if you would inc lude ideas that can help you to highlight the importance of the research paper that you are about to write.Third, check the fit supplement that you have prepared carefully. Now, that you have prepared a neat essay, you should go over it one more time. You should do this, as there may be certain parts that can be improved. By reviewing your essay, you will be able to realize that parts of the fit supplement you need to revise and which parts are better off.Fourth, after the completion of your fit supplement, you should put all the parts together. After putting them together, you should start your fit supplement with a conclusion that will cover the main points and reasons why you are doing this.Fifth, write the fit supplement in order. The important thing to remember is that you have to compose it one after another. essay samples These are just some of the tips that you can use to prepare your fit supplement essay samples. By following these tips, you will be able to finish it within a few days.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Training and Development Literature Review Essay
Literature Review: According to Casse and Banahan (2007), the different approaches to training and development need to be explored. It has come to their attention by their own preferred model and through experience with large Organisations. The current traditional training continuously facing the challenges in the selection of the employees, in maintaining the uncertainty related to the purpose and in introducing new tactics for the environment of work and by recognizing this, they advising on all the problems, which reiterates the requirement for flexible approach. Usually the managers have the choice to select the best training and development programme for their staff but they always have to bear in mind that to increase theirâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦It is also important sometimes to join the international experience for the management development. The International experiences had become a traditionally essential to the senior management in most of the Western multinational companies, (Forster, 2002). There are a number of reasons why a detailed study of the current trends in training and development would be of interest to many organisations. First, whilst recruitment and retention has been a focus of much research according to (Barber et al., 2005; AGR, 2006; Dawson et al., 2006) and it also transitions to work, Holden and Hamblett,(2007) and early careers (CIPD, 2006; Elias and Purcell, 2005; HESA, 2007), much less attention has been given to detailed training and development. The subject have been dealt with as an element of the ââ¬Å"employer brandâ⬠in recruitment to achieve advantage in the increasingly tough market, or as an instrument to improve retention, than an issue in its own right. Some of the recent published research studies in by Connor et al., (2003) explained the greater variety of approaches now being taken by organisations to training and development, an outcome of trends in both the supply-side and demand-side. An opportunity to learn developments furt her and also get an update of current issues for employers would be timely. Studies have pointedShow MoreRelatedLiterature Review on Training and Development8683 Words à |à 35 Pagesresources (HR) and their training and development structure that can work well and blend together. The stress on human resource training and development (HR Tamp;D) to provide strategic and cost efficient training services for employees has never been higher.Employee performance expectation keeps rising while the economic recession has caused training budget to shrink causing the Human Resource Training and Development unit to do more with less. Training and Development helps in optimizing theRead MoreLiterature Review of Training and Development of Marcantile Bank Bangladesh 5 Article14514 Words à |à 59 Pages............................................................................................ 02 5. Limitations of the Study................................................................................. 02 CHAPTER-2: LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Basic Concept of Recruitment Selection.................................................... 03-07 2. Classification of Workers and Their Working Period.................................... 08 3. Appointment Letter ID CardRead MoreEvaluation Of A Project On Training Curriculum Development1198 Words à |à 5 Pagescapstone project literature review intends among others things, to refine the research ideas, demonstrate awareness of the current state of knowledge on training curriculum development, its limitations and how the research fits in the context of a learning organization. This research process makes a good starting point for the capstone project. The research uses evidence from conceptual theories to database research literature from several learning organizations training development methodologiesRead MoreA Study On Refining Organizational Training Essay951 Words à |à 4 Pagesglobal economy the role of training employees goes beyond providing traditional instruction to meet organization training needs. Developing new hires and managing their full capabilities is at the core front of any organization. This capstone literature review plan focuses on refining organizational training research, demonstrating an understanding of current organizational environment and limitations, and how the capstone project can fit in the global context of training. II. Describe a plan toRead MoreExample Of Systematic Review1474 Words à |à 6 Pagesstudies researching the effectiveness of training programmes in ethics and its influence on ethical leadership and ethical behaviour, previous systematic reviews on these topics were searched. However, no review protocols were found. Consequently, to ensure transparency with this systematic review, an evidence-based checklist was used to guide this reviewââ¬â¢s methodology. Specifically, this review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) statementRead MoreChapter Two. Literature Review. 2.1 Employee Training And709 Words à |à 3 PagesCHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Employee Training and Development Overview: (Kum, F.D. etc., 2014). indicated that Training and development is a critical process, which seeks to improve the performance of workers in the organization. In order to form competent committees, employeesââ¬â¢ relevant expertise and intellectual capacity needs to be improved. Some of the projects executed by ESCON fail at an embryonic stage owing to the fact that tenders are awarded to the lowest priced contractor. MoreoverRead MoreExample Of Studies Essay735 Words à |à 3 Pagesof Study The data reporting on ethics training in public sector organisations have primarily been comprised of international studies, which have been conducted in developed countries (15 out of the 16 articles). Subsequently, a systematic review was applied in the current study in order provide information from existing research on ethics training programmes. This is one of the few South African studyââ¬â¢s to apply a systematic review on specific ethics training programme elements. The aforementionedRead MoreThe Field Of Virtual Environments ( Ve ) And Education1259 Words à |à 6 PagesThe intent of this work is to review and analyze the literature available in the field of virtual environments (VE) and education. In particular, the author will look at VE in the military education of seniors noncommissioned officers (NCO) at the United States Army Sergeants Major Academy (USASMA). This review investigates what are the developments in VE with emphasis in military education, what cost b enefits (in any) VE provide, the professional development of facilitators who use VE in theirRead MoreIntegrated Family Wellness ( Ifw ) A Alternative Medicine Medical Clinic1584 Words à |à 7 Pagesintegrated medical practice, regardless of the specialty. Lisa McNeil and Trifecta Consulting were hired to assess the organizational and training needs, determine why profits have flat lined in the last three years, and make suggestions for improvement of processes and systems. Four weeks into the observation period, the following has been determined: there are no training protocols for employees, unused job descriptions, an outdated procedure manual, little staff oversight, no formal collection of demographicsRead MoreWhat Is A Practical Checklist Which May Improve The Effectiveness Of Ethics Training744 Words à |à 3 Pageseffectiveness of ethics training programmes. Significance of Study The data reporting on ethics training in public sector organisations have primarily been comprised of international studies, which have been conducted in developed countries (15 out of the 16 articles). Subsequently, a systematic review was applied in the current study in order provide information from existing research on ethics training programmes. This is one of the few South African studyââ¬â¢s to apply a systematic review on specific ethics
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Statistics Mix Model Analysis
Question: Describe about the Statistical Mix Model Analysis? Answer: a) Literature review and ANOVA Researchers conduct the study from the six different faculties from four institutes which includes 700 undergraduate. After the exclusion of missing values from the total number of valid questionnaire, it was 692. With questionnaire, they include three sections for students also collect the data through that questionnaire. For the analysis of data researchers used simple statistical technique. After study, it found that 198studdent (28.6%) adopted performance goal and 494student (71.4%) adopted mastery goal. Cronbachs alpha test also used by researchers based on reliability. In this section we have to see the some literature review and ANOVA used in the survey of engineering students regarding plagiarism and academic misconduct. For this article, researcher collects the data for the plagiarism cases from the engineering students and then classifies this data according to different categories of plagiarism. Type of category for plagiarism is selected according to the method of plagiarism used in the academic misconduct by the students. After collecting this data, the researcher calculates some descriptive statistics for this data regarding the plagiarism. Researcher wants the check the hypothesis that all methods of plagiarism used in the same extent or any particular method of plagiarism used more during the academic misconduct by the student. For this purpose, researcher used the ANOVA test. The null and alternative hypothesis for the ANOVA tests is given as below: Null hypothesis: All methods of plagiarism are used in the same extent. Alternative hypothesis: All methods of plagiarism are not used in the same extent or any particular method of plagiarism used in more extent. For checking or testing this claim, the researcher finds out the test statistic value F for this ANOVA test and then finds the p-value associated with this F test statistic value. After comparing this p-value with the given level of significance, the researcher draws the conclusions about different plagiarism methods used by student during academic misconduct. 1. b) Tests of independence In survey of Samford University students regarding plagiarism and academic misconduct, we have to test the independence of two categorical methods of plagiarism by using the chi square test of independence. Researcher used the chi square test of independence for checking or testing the hypothesis that the two categories of plagiarism are independent from each other. Let us see this test and its procedure used by researcher given below: Chi square test for independence For testing the claim or hypothesis regarding the independence of two categories of plagiarism, the researcher used the chi square test for independence for the two different categorical variables. The main assumption for this test is given as the data for both variables should be from same population. For this test, researcher establishes the null and alternative hypothesis. Then researcher finds out the test statistic value by using the test statistic formula and then finds out the p-value associated with this test statistic value. After comparing the p-value with the given level of significance, researcher draws the conclusion about the null hypothesis whether the null hypothesis is rejected or not. c) Comment on research article: This article is regarding with the lecturers perceptions of plagiarism among university students. In this article, the researcher collects the data of different types of plagiarism occurred in the university during the exams. Researcher collects the data and divides this data according to the different categories of plagiarism types. Then researcher finds out some descriptive statistics for this data and compares all types in terms of averages and other aspects. Data is mainly collected from the university lecturers and researcher collects the reviews of different lecturers for the reason of plagiarism. Researcher wants to find out the main reason for the plagiarism by students in exam. Researcher divides the different review by different lecturers in some categories and then labels these categories. Then researcher finds out the relationship between the different reasons and plagiarism by students. Section 2 For the section 2, we have to search the five journal articles from the EBSCO or Google scholar. The following articles are taken from the Google scholar. Let us see all these articles step by step given below: 5 journal articles Article 1: Response Rate and Completeness of Questionnaires: A Randomized Study of Internet versus Paper-and-Pencil Versions For this article, the researcher used the randomized design for the purpose of comparing the paper and the pencil questionnaire with an internet version of the same questionnaire. For this research, researcher collects the data for different response rate and the completeness of questionnaire. Researcher used the sample of 533 women for checking the claim regarding the difference between given two methods. All these participant women are randomly divided into two groups. One group is given a paper and pencil to complete the questionnaire and other group of women is given a internet or computer to complete this questionnaire. After completion of this questionnaire, researcher collects the data regarding the response time both for paper pencil and internet questionnaire. Also, researcher collects the data regarding the time taken for completion of questionnaire for both methods. Then researcher compares these both methods by performing some statistical analysis. At last, researcher dra ws some conclusions about these two methods. This article is taken from the following link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2047288/ Article 2: Internet-based e-banking and consumer attitudes: an empirical study Abstract For this article, researcher studies the internet based e-banking and the consumer attitudes. Researcher wants to study the consumer attitude towards the usefulness and willingness to use of the internet banking. For this purpose, researcher arranges a survey in Singapore and then collects the data for different consumers and their habit of using e-banking. Researcher also checks or studies the other aspects of using e-banking by consumers. Also, researcher finds out the relationship between the e-banking and the availability of the accuracy, security, network speed, user-friendliness, user involvement and convenience. Then researcher uses the multiple regression models which include the above variables. Some more information for this article is given on the following link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378720601000970 Article 3: Experimental study of Internet stability and backbone failures Abstract: For this article, researcher arranges the study of internet stability and the backbone failures. For this purpose, researcher collects the data from the different persons who use internet most of the time. Researcher collects the data regarding the backbone failures for these persons. The stability of the internet path is depends on the telecommunication switching system and the higher level software and hardware components. For this experiment, the researcher provide the analysis of the stability of major paths between the internet service providers based on the experimental instrumentation of key portions of the internet infrastructure. We can get more information regarding this article on the following link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=arnumber=781062url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D781062 Article 4: Longitudinal study of Internet traffic in 1998-2003 Abstract For this article, the researcher studies the internet traffic within different regions. The data was collected from the year 1998 to 2003. Due to increasing number of internet users, the problem of internet traffic observed so many times and researcher collects the data for such traffic times. Then researcher analyse this data according to the different composition of the traffic by the different protocols. Also, researcher finds out the different aspects regarding the internet traffic and causes of internet traffic. The detailed information for this article is given on the following link: https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=984747 Article 5: Surfing the Net in Later Life: A Review of the Literature and Pilot Study of Computer Use and Quality of Life Abstract For this article, the researcher studies the relationship between the computer use and the quality of life. Researcher collects the data regarding the computer use and quality of life. After analyzing this data, researcher finds out the benefits and relationship of use of computer and its effects on the quality of life. Researcher also studies the different aspects for using the computer and not using the computer. Researcher shows that how the computer save our time and provides the time for other things for improving the quality parameters of life. For this research, researcher checks the electronic mail system and other systems. After doing this research, researcher draws some conclusions about his study regarding the use of computer and quality of life. We can get more information about this article on the following link: https://jag.sagepub.com/content/18/3/358.short Section 3 In this section, we have to discuss the two articles out of five articles given in the second section. We select the article 1 and 2 for discussion. Let us see the discussions for these articles in detail: Article 1: Response Rate and Completeness of Questionnaires: A Randomized Study of Internet versus Paper-and-Pencil Versions Research in quality of life traditionally relies on paper-and-pencil questionnaires. Easy access to the Internet has inspired a number of studies that use the Internet to collect questionnaire data. However, Internet-based data collection may differ from traditional methods with respect to response rate and data quality as well as the validity and reliability of the involved scales. We used a randomized design to compare a paper-and-pencil questionnaire with an Internet version of the same questionnaire with respect to differences in response rate and completeness of data. Women referred for mammography at a Danish public hospital from September 2004 to April 2005, aged less than 67 years and without a history of breast cancer, were eligible for the study. The women received the invitation to participate along with the usual letter from the Department of Radiology. A total of 533 women were invited to participate. They were randomized to receive either a paper questionnaire, with a prepaid return envelope, or a guideline on how to fill in the Internet-based version online. The questionnaire consisted of 17 pages with a total of 119 items, including the Short Form-36, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and questions regarding social status, education level, occupation, and access to the Internet. Non-respondents received a postal reminder giving them the option of filling out the other version of the questionnaire. The response rate before the reminder was 17.9% for the Internet group compared to 73.2% for the paper-and-pencil group (risk difference 55.3%, P .001). After the reminder, when the participant could chose between versions of the questionnaire, the total response rate for the Internet and paper-and-pencil group was 64.2% and 76.5%, respectively (risk difference 12.2%, P = .002). For the Internet version, 97.8% filled in a complete questionnaire without missing data, while 63.4% filled in a complete questionnaire for the paper-and-pencil version (risk difference 34.5%, P .001). The Internet version of the questionnaire was superior with respect to completeness of data, but the response rate in this population of unselected patients was low. The general population has yet to become more familiar with the Internet before an online survey can be the first choice of researchers, although it is worthwhile considering within selected populations of patients as it saves resources and provides more complete answers. An Internet version may be combined with the traditional version of a questionnaire, and in follow-up studies of patients it may be more feasible to offer Internet versions. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2047288/ Article 3: Experimental study of Internet stability and backbone failures Abstract: In this paper, we describe an experimental study of Internet topological stability and the origins of failure in Internet protocol backbones. The stability of end-to-end Internet paths is dependent both on the underlying telecommunication switching system, as well as the higher level software and hardware components specific to the Internet's packet-switched forwarding and routing architecture. Although a number of earlier studies have examined failures in the public telecommunication system, little attention has been given to the characterization of Internet stability. We provide analysis of the stability of major paths between Internet Service Providers based on the experimental instrumentation of key portions of the Internet infrastructure. We describe unexpectedly high levels of path fluctuation and an aggregate low mean time between failures for individual Internet paths. We also provide a case study of the network failures observed in a large regional Internet backbone. We char acterize the type, origin, frequency and duration of these failures. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=arnumber=781062url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D781062 References: 1. David Freedman, Robert Pisani, Roger Purves, Statistics, 3rd ed., W. W. Norton Company, 1997. 2. Morris H. DeGroot, Mark J. Schervish Probability and Statistics, 3rd ed., Addison Wesley, 2001. 3. Leonard J. Savage, The Foundations of Statistics, 2nd ed., Dover Publications, Inc. New York, 1972. 4. Robert V. Hogg, Allen T. Craig, Joseph W. McKean, An Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, 6th ed., Prentice Hall, 2004. 5. George Casella, Roger L. Berger, Statistical Inference, 2nd ed., Duxbury Press, 2001. 6. David R. Cox, D. V. Hinkley, Theoretical Statistics, Chapman Hall/CRC, 1979. 7. Peter J. Bickel, Kjell A. Doksum, Mathematical Statistics, Volume 1, Basic Ideas and Selected Topics, 2rd ed. Prentice Hall, 2001. 8. T. S. Ferguson, Mathematical Statistics: A Decision Theoretic Approach, Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1967 9. Harald Cramr, Mathematical Methods of Statistics, Princeton, 1946 10. Laubach RS, Koschnick K. Using Readability: Formulas for Easy Adult Materials. Syracuse, NY: New Readers Press, 1977.
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