Going Back to School in Midlife Is Grad School for You

Once upon a time young people finished high school or college, got a job, and worked at the same company for an entire career, retiring 25, 30, and even 40 or more years. Today most people work for a new employer every few years and some change careers almost as often. Graduate study has become an important tool for professionals who wish to change gears and get the education and experience needed for a second, third, or even fourth career. Should You Earn a Graduate Degree?Some people decide to attend graduate school because their employers require advanced degrees in order to earn promotions and raises. Others wish to change careers and need additional education to accomplish their goals. Some people simply took a long time figuring out what they want to do with their lives. Still, other people return to graduate school to satisfy their own curiosity - to learn for the sake of learning. All of these are good reasons to choose graduate study. While there are many reasons to attend graduate school its important to determine your own reasons and whether those reasons merit several years of challenge and sacrifice that accompany graduate study. As you consider whether to apply to graduate school, review these issues as they are important to most adults who are making the decision of whether to return to school. Can You Afford Graduate Study?Some students find that their jobs do not interfere with graduate study. Most masters programs permit part-time students. However, most doctoral programs admit only full time students. Doctoral programs often limit or even prohibit students from outside employment. Graduate school itself is expensive. It is much more expensive when you consider the loss of income from leaving a career and its associated benefits such as health insurance, for example. Will you have access to health insurance while you are a student? This issue may be particularly important if you are a single parent. Graduate programs that prohibit students from working usually offer opportunities to earn tuition remission and a stipend. For example, many grad students work on campus and in their departments as research and teaching assistants, but these positions offer only a small stipend - yet also offer some tuition remission. Most students rely on several sources of financial aid, such as loans and scholarships. Add all of these sources of income together and most students will still experience grad student poverty. The question is, after having an adult income, can you go back to living on student wages? Can you imagine yourself (and/or your family) eating Ramen Noodles for a few years? Do You Have the Emotional Resources and Support for Grad Study?Lots of adults return to graduate school and are shocked by the workload. Graduate study is way different from college. Every graduate student, regardless of age, is taken aback by the workload and the nature of the work. This is especially true at the doctoral level. Students who breezed through college often begin a graduate program thinking that its more of the same. Surprise! Graduate school requires a certain amount of emotional fortitude. As a grad student you may find yourself juggling a multitude of tasks each week: a few hundred pages of reading, making progress on several class papers, working on a faculty members research, working as a research or teaching assistant, and so on. As an adult with a home, bills, and family, you likely will find that the school stress is compounded by home stress. Spending time with your children, helping them with homework, managing their colds, and meeting their basic needs - these are all basic, essential, and meaningful tasks that are a part of every parents day. Where do you squeeze in class work? Most graduate students who are parents do their schoolwork while their children sleep. But when do they sleep? If you are lucky enough to have a spouse, his or her support can make a tremendous difference. Family and friends can offer physical support such as picking up a child from school, helping them with homework, or cleaning up and running errands can help you eke out a little bit of time here and here. Emotional support is even more important. As an adult graduate student youll have more going on than other students. Cultivate an emotional base - family and friends (grad student and non-students). Graduate school is challenging for everyone, but in different ways and for different reasons. Do not be dissuaded. Mature graduate student are often excellent students because they know why they are attending, they know what the real work is like and have made a conscious choice to attend grad school. Nontraditional students tend to have more demands on their time than other students and their priorities tend to differ from those of traditional age students. Despite the extra demands, mature students tend to stress less over school - and that adaptability is a major strength.

How Stereotypes Affect Society Essay - 997 Words

In this world there are many things people are guilty of, one of those guilt’s is stereotyping others , even if it wasn’t meant in a harmful are negative way we all have been a victim or the aggressor . This paper will discuses what stereotypes are, how they affect people and how stereotypes can affect society. However, the common factor in either situation is that no good comes from stereotyping others. All most everyone in there lifetime has stereotyped others are have been a victim of stereotypes. A stereotype is the belief about another culture, race or a person that has no logic or evidence to support there negative thoughts. Many people believe that when a person stereotypes another it is the lack of information or ignorance†¦show more content†¦People would be quick to comment that they are a drug dealer when that person could simple be a hard worker. Stereotypes affect people in many different ways. There are two sides to stereotypes, the victims and t here aggressors. Unfortunately, we all have been a victim of stereotypes even with out us knowing it. Stereotypes hurt, but individuals handle the problem differently some feel belittled or embarrassed. Many victims of stereotypes can cause people to lose confidents in there self and many others in a psychological way, which can damage social and personal development. Kids that are victims of stereotypes are affected the worsted. Not only are the kids emotionally damaged the victim them selves can turn into the aggressor and stereotype others. The aggressors in many cases are individuals that have been victims of stereotypes, or brought up in a household or environment where people are constantly stereotyping other. People brought up in that kind of situation my stereotype others cause that is all they have come to know. Some refer to this person as ignorant, which is a harsh but accurate assumption. The definition of ignorance is the lack of logic. Ignorance is the main cause for people stereotyping others. There have been many discussions on how to get ride of stereotypes. My idea is to put a culture class in junior high or high schools and make it a mandatory class. Now if this were to happen it would compel students to study and understand culturesShow MoreRelatedHow Heteronormativity And Media Stereotypes On Queer People Express Their Sexualities1655 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: HOW HETERONORMATIVITY AND MEDIA STEREOTYPES IN SOCIETY INFLUENCES HOW QUEER PEOPLE EXPRESS THEIR SEXUALITIES How heteronormativity and media stereotypes influences how queer people express their sexualities Vanessa Gomes Ryerson University â€Å"Who is the man in the relationship?† â€Å"Who tops or bottoms?† These questions have become a fundamental part in queer people’s lives. Why do non queer people need for queer people and their relationships to imitate heternormativeRead MoreStereotypes And Stereotypes Of Stereotypes1400 Words   |  6 Pages Whether acknowledged or not, stereotypes are an issue in society. Stereotypes are often related to culture and religion, but also exist in forms related to gender. As seen in the movie Crash, stereotypes falsely label individuals in society. The labels created by stereotypes influence interactions individuals make with one and other. These interactions can be hostile or warm depending on the stereotypes society believes of the group the individual identifies him or her self with. Stereotypical ideasRead MoreThe Importance Of Stereotypes On Society911 Words   |  4 Pageseyes others are portrayed by outward appearances and not on their background or what they are going through. Stereotypes do nothing but hurt the world, whereas it would be a much better place if we were all united as one and stereotypes didnt exist. Stereotypes can be defined as viewing an entire group of people in a generalized way, and they impact our society in many ways (Stereotype). For example, in an interview with Guy Raz from NPR, Jamila Lyiscott says, â€Å"You have this lens where youreRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Priming On Memory Formation1627 Words   |  7 Pages In today’s society, and many generations before us, stereotypes have overrun how we think as a collective group. From the way we act around others to the way we perceive the actions and conversations around us, they are all influenced by stereotypes. Whether these stereotypes are taught to us from our parents, our peers, or through media influences, they are strongly embedded in our conscious mind and thoughts. In the United States, there are stereotypes of drastic proportions likeRead MoreEffects Of Stereotyping In Schools1122 Words   |  5 Pages Stereotyping in High Schools Stereotyping is alive and well in today’s society. â€Å"Stereotyping is a form of prejudice that forms damaging images of an individual, by classifying him or her according to a particular characteristic that is found among the group of people that the individual is associated with†(Malika). Everyone gets stereotyped no matter their gender, color, religion, political view, or how you act. Stereotyping is labeling someone because of who they are or what they do. StereotypingRead MoreEffects Of Stereotypes On Latina And Black Women1245 Words   |  5 Pages The effect of stereotypes on Latina and Black women Stereotypes have been around for a long time affecting the way people are treated. Many people confuse stereotypes with being prejudice but they are two completely different things. Today most stereotypes you hear are targeted to Black and Latina women. These stereotypes affect them in a negative way. There are multiple studies that show the way stereotypes affect the victim in various scenarios Stereotypes The way stereotypes started is not clearlyRead MoreAmerica s Treatment Of The Elderly925 Words   |  4 PagesThere is a perceived notion that Eastern societies view aging in a positive aspect, while Western societies view aging in a negative light. Although there is much emphasis on respect for elders on the Confucian societies, however, does East Asia’s treatment of the Elderly really differ from North America’s treatment? In the Perceptions of Aging in Two cultures: Korean and American views on Old Age, the authors are able to prove their thesis that through previous studies by Harwood et al that countriesRead MoreInfluence Of Cognitive Biases On Decisions1142 Words   |  5 PagesThe influence of cognitive biases on decisions Society once had a conjecture that only discriminatory people used stereotypes, however, studies in unconscious bias now reveal that we all are guilty of using stereotypes, all the time, without knowing it. Finally, the antagonist of equality has been found, and it is us. With a limited perspective, we all have a bias view of the world, this is because we are only capable of hearing, seeing, and reading what is around us. A definitive version of realityRead MoreRace Is An Artificial Category Created By Mankind1067 Words   |  5 Pagesmuch more. Racism deals with not only biology and ancestry, but also social and ethical practices. This discrimination is an artificial category created by mankind. The majority group creates and enforces the beliefs of that group onto others of society. These beliefs allow for a majority group to feel superior to the minority groups of individuals. The framework for the definition of race is unclear, however. Race can mean different things in differen t parts of the world. In the United States ofRead MoreHow Women Are Portrayed On Advertising And The Second Looks At This Time1104 Words   |  5 Pagesis the topic of how women are portrayed in advertising and the impact this has on women in society. 2. State the claim the study supports The scholarly article I am reviewing is a research article that did two separate examinations on the role of humor in gender stereotypes. The first one is the role of humor seen in television advertisements and the second looks at peoples attitudes toward humorous and non-humorous ads that have gender stereotypes in them and how that would affect a persons desire

Shakespere Outdated free essay sample

Shakespeare’s version of the story of Macbeth is outdated in modern society because one of the major themes, that all evil deeds are punished and that all good deeds are rewarded, is no longer true in today’s society.  Macbeth’s theme is outdated because in the modern day society not all evil doers are punished for their actions and not all good actions are rewarded, either. The theme of the adequate consequences for one’s actions runs throughout Shakespeare’s Macbeth, assuring the correct punishments for Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, but also rewarding MacDuff and Malcolm for their brave actions against Macbeth. The theme is visible when Angus says, â€Å"Now does he feel/His secret murders sticking on his hands/Now minutely revolts upbraid his faith-breach† (5. 2. 6-18), meaning that Macbeth is now feeling remorse and guilt for his actions and that the enemy is going to punish him for his evil actions against Duncan and Banquo. We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespere Outdated or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In modern society not every evil doer is punished or feels remorse for their actions, especially when they have power or have fixed a problem. In our society people can get away with a crime and not every good action is rewarded, whereas in Macbeth Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are punished by guilt and eventually death. Our society even can award evil doers and punish the good people. Our society allows abortion, which in its nature is inherently evil, but our society doesn’t punish it, in fact the society has fifteen states that fund abortions. Even in our society when someone does something like Ryan Snodgrass, a twenty-eight year old guide who jumped into a river to save a thirteen year old who was drowning, and then was later charged with obstructing government operations and arrested, they can be punished for their actions, unlike in Macbeth where every action has the correct consequences. Shakespeare’s plays can be seen as outdated in today’s society because one of its themes of all actions having consequences, but it is not the same case in modern day society, it can actually be seen as completely opposite. Shakespeare may be considered timeless by the fact that his plays and sonnets are beautiful and full of imagery and a good plot line, but the end message is outdated and can be seen as ‘cheesy’ because the society hardly ever works that way anymore.

Indigenous Tourism an Impact on Climate

Question: Discuss about theIndigenous Tourism an Impact on Climate. Answer: Introduction: Australian Aboriginals have a long history of 50,000 years. Their history is of the knowledge of the spirituality, they are known as the custodian of the land of Australia and its culture. The Australian indigenous tourism is known for its rugged outback, pristine natural beauty, lush rainforests and cultural immersions. Australian tourism in a grand way promotes the tourism to Australian Aboriginal land (Australia, 2016). In this assignment, a research proposal would be given about the impact on climate of the Aboriginal places of Australia. The research would consist of analysis of factors that influence the climate of those places, which are inhabited by Aboriginals. Other factors would also be considered in the assignment. Literature Review Australian domestic tourism according to the data available for 2013-2014 has grown by 70% . Tourism to Australia is a major contributor to the economy of Australia and the year 2015 had been a very good year. Most of the tourism to Australia is by Chinese tourists. Tourism to Australia has also seen a steady growth of people from Japan, South Korea and India. The Australian tourism has been implicitly related with the development of Culture in Australia. Tourism Australia in a grand way promotes Indigenous tourism. Indigenous tourism is a way to showcase the Aboriginal culture of Australia (Siller and Zehrer 2016). Indigenous tourism is defined by the Australian government in which the Indigenous people are directly involved. The indigenous people are involved at each and every step of the tour. A tour to the Australian indigenous region is one in which the visitor participates and experiences the Aboriginal culture. The tourist understands the art, culture, food, and way of life. Indigenous tourism is considered by the Australian government as a key financial earner for the government (Ruhanen, Whitford and McLennan 2015). A study was conducted to assess the impact of tourism on the climate. The study based on the major tourist destinations of Australia investigates the change that climate does. The study also studied the changes in climate vis--vis the inflow of tourists to Australia. A Tourism Climate Index (TCI) was created by Mieczkowski in 1985 to assess the appropriateness of the climate of a tourist destination for tourism purposes. It gives five climatic factors which are responsible for the growth of tourism. The study gave the various regions which have a conducive climate for tourism to occur. The study also suggests that climate is but only one factor which influences tourism (Amelung and Nicholls 2014). A study conducted at the Mulka Cave of Western Australia found that the increase in tourists had a deteriorating effect on the environment. The case study involved the comparison of images taken fifty years ago and the present day (Rossi and Webb 2013). The different factors that influence tourism is the thermal component (which represents the ambient temperature at the tourist place), the physical component (representing wind, rain and snow which limits the likelihood of tourism activities) and the climatic features that are helpful for the tourist enjoying the tourist location (Scott, Hall and GoÃÅ'ˆssling 2012). A study at the Bruny and Magnetic Islands of Australia showed that tourism activities had impacted the climate in the two islands. The study indicated that though tourism was welcome since it enabled economic growth and social opportunities it had negative impacts which if not controlled can be magnified (Moyle, Weiler and Croy 2013). Research Aim The aim of the research is to find the relationship between climatic change and its impact on Indigenous tourism to Australia. Research Question The research question for this assignment is as follows: What is the expanse of Indigenous tourism to Australia? Does Indigenous tourism have an impact on Climate? What are the climatic factors which have been influenced? Research Objective The objective of the research is as follows: To find amount of Indigenous tourism to Australia at different places. To find the degree of Climatic changes at places of Indigenous tourism places. To find the climatic factors that have been influenced Research Methodology The data on indigenous tourism will be observed from the tourism Australia website. The data will be taken for different places, which have an indigenous population. Climatic Data will be collected from the Australian government websites. The factors as given by Mieczkowski should also be taken into consideration. Secondary data will be collected for this research and secondary research technique would be used for the research. Quantitative data will be collected for the research. Data for the last five years would be collected. Deductive research approach would be used to find the correlation between the change in climate and its influence on tourism. The parameters of the climate that have been affected by the indigenous tourism would be marked. Thus a relation between the climatic change due to indigenous tourism would be established. Expected Research Outcome A previous study on the impact of climate on tourism in Australia and New-Zealand concentrated on the ski regions of the two countries. The study found a direct correlation between climate change and the amount of snow at the ski locations. Since the ski locations are tourists places hence the study concluded the impact that amount of snow would have on the tourism industry (Hendrikx et.al. 2013). Other factors that influence tourism would also be considered. This includes the programs being taken up by indigenous Australia to increase tourism. Climate changes have a profound effect on the natural environment and thus on the economic activities of the place. Since climate is one of the primary factors that influences tourism at a particular site thus an adverse climate change will have a corresponding adverse effect of the tourism sector also. Thus with an increase in indigenous tourism there might be a change in climate which will influence the tourism sector. Conclusion It can thus be concluded that the aggressiveness of indigenous tourism will have a positive impact on tourism at the Australian outback. Thus, an increase in indigenous tourism will influence climate change. The present research outcome is expected to follow this trend. It will analyse the climate change that has taken place as a factor of indigenous tourism. Thus indigenous tourism and climate change have a symbiotic relationship. An adverse climate change will affect indigenous tourism. References Amelung, B. and Nicholls, S., 2014. Implications of climate change for tourism in Australia. Tourism Management, 41, pp.228-244. Australia, T. (2016). Aboriginal Culture - Markets - Tourism Australia. [online] Tourism.australia.com. Available at: https://www.tourism.australia.com/aboriginal/aboriginal-culture.aspx [Accessed 3 Sep. 2016]. Hendrikx, J., Zammit, C., Hreinsson, E.. and Becken, S., 2013. A comparative assessment of the potential impact of climate change on the ski industry in New Zealand and Australia. Climatic Change, 119(3-4), pp.965-978. Moyle, B.D., Weiler, B. and Croy, G., 2013. Visitors perceptions of tourism impacts bruny and magnetic islands, Australia. Journal of Travel Research, 52(3), pp.392-406. Ruhanen, L., Whitford, M. and McLennan, C.L., 2015. Indigenous tourism in Australia: Time for a reality check. Tourism Management, 48, pp.73-83. Rossi, A.M. and Webb, R.E., 2013. The consequences of allowing unrestricted tourist access at an Aboriginal site in a fragile environment: The erosive effect of trampling. Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites. Scott, D., Hall, C. and GoÃÅ'ˆssling, S. (2012). Tourism and climate change. London: Routledge. Siller H., Zehrer A. 2016. Entrepreneurship und Tourismus: Unternehmerisches Denken und Erfolgskonzepte aus der Praxis. Linde Verlag GmbH

Audit in Podiary medicine Essays

Audit in Podiary medicine Essays Audit in Podiary medicine Paper Audit in Podiary medicine Paper Audit in Podiatry Medicine Auditing plays a very crucial role in organizations and not just in podiatry medicine. It is usually divided into two, where we have both internal and external audit. The role of internal audit is to â€Å"provide independent assurance that an organization’s risk management, governance and internal control processes are operating effectively† (Institute of Internal Auditors, 2010). Internal auditors deal with issues that are pivotal to the survival and success of the organization. They look at such things as the organizations standing in society, the way the organization treats its employees, growth and development, and the organization’s impact on the environment. External auditors however, look at such issues like financial risks and statements of the organization (Institute of Internal Auditors, 2010). National Institute for Clinical Excellence (2008) describes Clinical audit as a â€Å"process of improving quality that tries to find a way to improve patient care and outcomes through systematic review of care against overt criteria and the implementation of change†. To do this, aspects of the structure, processes and outcomes of care given are selected and systematically evaluated against a clear-cut criteria. Where indicated, changes are implemented at an individual, team or service level. When conducting a clinical audit, some key notes need to be observed. These are: Firstly, clinical audit projects are best conducted within a structured program. They should have effective leadership and emphasis on team work and support and participation by all staff. Organizations should also know the fact that this kind of exercise requires enough funding. Another thing that organizations need to recognize is that improvements in care resulting in clinical audits can increase costs. The barrier that is cited as the most common in clinical audits is the failure by the organizations to provide enough protected time for the healthcare teams. Organizations should make sure that their healthcare staffs learn the skills of clinical audit, and that those involved in organizing audit programs must consider various methods of making sure that health service staff provide their full participation. Nice says that another key note is that clinical audit is used to improve aspects of care and is used to confirm that the current medical practice being offered meets the expected level of performance. Participation of staff is important especially in selecting topics because this enables concerns about care to be reported and addressed. This is not always necessary, but it may play a big role in reducing resistance to change. Lastly, since what is important to the patients that are receiving care are significantly different from those of clinicians, service users should therefore be involved in the clinical audit process (2008). According to the Board of Podiatric Medicine (2010), one of the roles that audit plays in podiatry medicine is the role of ensuring that doctors of podiatric medicine (DPMs) show continued capability in their work. According to section 2496 of the State Medical Practice Act, requirements for continued competence are specified and it authorizes the Board of Podiatric Medicine to adopt regulations to ensure the â€Å"continuing skill of persons licensed to practice podiatric medicine†. Every time a renewal is done, a DPM must officially state that he agrees with one of the following under punishment of false swearing, subject to audit: that the DPM, is required to have passed an exam administered by the board within the past ten years. He is to have passed an exam administered by an approved specialty board within the past ten years, to have completed an approved residency within the past ten years. He is also  required to have current, suitable or competent status with an approved specialty board. He is to have passed Part 111 exam administered by the National Boards within the past ten years, be recertified by an approved specialty board, and have completed an extended course of study approved by the board within the past five years. He should have granting/renewing healthcare facility privileges within the past five years. Audit is also important in podiatry medicine, because it helps keep doctors accountable to their patients. Though this is not common practice as such, there is one surgeon, Ernest Amory Codman MD (1869-1940) who employed this rule in his profession. Despite the fact that he was one of the best doctors of his time, even he made mistakes. The only difference between him and his counterparts was that instead of hiding his mistakes, he publicized them and chose instead to learn from them. It is said that he â€Å"recorded diagnostic and treatment errors and linked these errors to outcome in order to make improvements† (Neuhauser, 2002). He resigned from Massachusetts General Hospital where he was a staff and started his own private clinic called the â€Å"End Result Hospital†. The difference between Codman’s hospital and the average healthcare organization is that he admitted his errors in Print and in public. He published this report so that patients would be the ones to decide whether they would be able to receive quality care from him, and the outcome of the care provided. He sent copies of these reports to major hospitals throughout the country, challenging them also to follow his prints, but this did not happen. They would say that they were not allowed to do so by their lawyers. Another role that audit plays in this field of podiatry medicine is to improve the practice of the doctors. The General Medical Council advises that it is mandatory for all doctors to take part in regular and systematic medical and clinical audit. They are advised also that when doing this, they should record their data honestly, so that they are able to get the proper results and be able to improve their practice, by for example, taking part in further training. The UK Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting, says that every registered practitioner is responsible for assisting the coordination of quality improvement initiatives such as clinical audits. Clinical audit is indeed an important exercise to carry out in one’s organization. According to the Royal Society of Psychiatrists (2009), the main reason that audits are done is to improve the service offered to users. They say that without some form of clinical audit, it is not easy for one to know whether they are doing the right thing or even practicing effectively. If you are not sure about this yourself, then it also becomes a difficult task to demonstrate to others that you are practicing effectively. Some of the benefits of clinical audit are audit helps to ensure that working relationships, communication and liaison between staff, staff and service users (the people who receive service from medical practitioners), and between agencies are improved.   It identifies and promotes good practice, and it may result to the improvement of service delivery and outcomes for users. Another benefit of doing clinical audits is that when performed, one is able to provide informat ion to show your users that your service is effective and pocket friendly, thus, ensure its development.   Audits provide opportunities for education and training. They help increase efficiency by ensuring that there is better use of the resources that are available. They also help in improving working relationships, communication among staff members, staff and service users and between agencies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Audit is an avenue that medical professionals can use to retain the trust and respect of their patients especially in an era where the patients are becoming increasingly critical. This is one of the ways that they can establish and maintain confidence in the quality of clinical care that is being accorded to them. It is a quality improvement tool, and through it, one may be able to tell whether efforts are being made by medical professionals to give their patients high quality professional care. It is increasingly becoming an essential component of professional practice (Nice, 2008).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When done in the right way, audit has provided a way in which the quality of care that is given to patients by medical professionals can be assessed and reviewed objectively, within an approach that is supportive and developmental. All areas of professional practice have been subjected to questions and challenges due to changes in society. Clinical audit therefore provides medical practitioners with a way of responding that compares the care given to the best practice while keeping the central role of the clinical team in agreeing and implementing plans for change. Clinical governance provides a new challenge – â€Å"to take audit at its best and incorporate it within organization’s wide approaches to quality†. References Institute of Internal Auditors. (2010). What is an internal audit? Website, (online) Site: iia.org.uk/en/about_us/What_is_internal_audit.cfm Accessed 06/05/2010 NICE. (2008). Principles for Best Practice in Clinical Audit. Report (online). Site: nice.org.uk/media/796/23/BestPracticeClinicalAudit.pdf Accessed 12/4/2010 Royal Society of Psychiatrists. (2009). Clinical audit: what it is and what it isn’t. What is a Clinical Audit? Report (online).Site: rcpsych.ac.uk/pdf/clinauditChap1.pdf Accessed 06/05/2010 Surrey and Sussex NHS Trust. (2006). Audit Committee, Terms of Reference: Report (online) Site: surreyandsussex.nhs.uk/about_us/documents/tors/tor-auditcommittee.pdf Accessed 06/05/2010 Neuhauser, D. (2002). Heroes and martyrs of quality and safety: Ernest Amory Codman. Quality Safety Health Care, 11, 104-105 (online). Site: http://qshc.bmj.com/content/11/1/104.full Accessed 06/05/2010 Sackett, DL., Rosenberg, WMC., Gray, JAM., Richardson, WS. (1996). Evidence based medicine: What it is and what it isn’t. British Medical Journal, 312 ,71-72 (online). Site: http://ebnp.co.uk/What%20is%20EBP.htm Accessed 06/05/2010

The eNotes Blog Franz Kafkas Lost WritingsResurface

Franz Kafkas Lost WritingsResurface â€Å"In the fight between you and the world, back the world.† ~ Franz Kafka Elderly sisters, Ruth Wisler and Eva Hoffe, might want to take Kafkas warning to heart. For years, the siblings have had a secret. Their mother had been a secretary for Max Brod.   Brod had been Kafkas publisher as well as a friend.   Before his death from tuberculosis in 1924, Kafka bequeathed all of his unpublished work to Brod with the caveat that he destroy everything unread. Brod did read and publish numerous works that came into his possession, among them Amerika, The Castle, and The Trial, but he did not publish everything.   He went against Kafkas wishes and retained those unread manuscripts, even smuggling them out of Nazi pre-state Israel in 1968.   For the next three decades, Brod kept the works in a safety deposit box until his own death in 1968. In his will,   Brod named his secretary, Esther Hoffe, the administrator of his literary estate.   Hoffe was supposed to deliver the papers to an academic institution. She did not. Instead, for the next forty years, Hoffe kept the papers in safety deposit boxes in Zurich and Tel Aviv, but also retained some documents at her apartment in Israel. She also profited from some of the work, selling the original manuscript of The Trial at auction for a sum of $1.8 million dollars. Hoffes own will bequeathed the Kafka manuscripts to her two daughters, Eva and Ruth.   However, the Israeli National Library immediately sought ownership of the works, claiming that since Hoffe did not follow Brods instructions to find an academic home for the manuscripts, she violated the tenets of the will.   As the court battles ensued, many of Kafkas   papers stayed in the sisters flat, to the horror of more than a few archivists, for the papers also shared space with the siblings numerous cats. A year ago, the Tel Aviv courts ordered the collection to be opened. They have been trying to determine exactly what is in the collection before ruling on rightful ownership. The decision is expected to come soon, possibly by the end of August 2010. Whatever the outcome of ownership, scholars will have access to the treasure trove and many years of study lie ahead.

Organizational design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organizational design - Essay Example The second stage is relevant in detailing team or group roles, configurations, and staffing. At this point, the sizes of current units are identified and then specific tasks and objectives assigned to the teams and individual employees. This stage is crucial in that it helps outline challenges and opportunities in fitting together the organizational design. Once the management has identified the issues affecting them and assigned roles to different groups and individuals, the next stage is the transition and the implementation of the set plans. During the transition level, the organization identifies approaches necessary to the implementation of the plan. The management seeks to identify activities like the leadership training, staffing policies, and employee communication. Once the transition planning is achieved, the organization sequences the plan on a primary implementation timeline. Here the organization determines what needs to be done, by who, and when it should be completed. The management identifies employee empowerment needs and plans for the best approach to achieve them. The organization also develops a set of expectable employee roles and behaviors. At this point, skills are determined according to their levels of advancement. Training is then provided depending on the needs of individual employees to acquire the required skills. The employees are also guided on the best approaches so as to work mutually in the attainment of the organizational goals The management assesses the achieved performance against the expected goals and scorecards. The organization seeks to identify the changes arising from the new process and areas that need extra considerations. Once the organization has identified these sectors, then adjustments are made to the design. An example of an effective organization design process can be defined in the case of Toyota. Toyota is headed by people within the founder’s inner circle